Langston Hughes Poetry Analyzing Themes of Racism

Langston Hughes Throughout many of Langston Hughes poetry, there seems to be a very strong theme of racism. Poems such as Ballad of the Landlord, I, Too, and Dinner Guest: Me are some good examples of that theme. The Ballad of the Landlord addresses the issue of prejudice in the sense of race as well as class. The lines My roof has sprung a leak. / Dont you member I told you about it/ Way last week? (Hughes 2/4) show the reader that the speaker, the tenant, is of a much lower class than his landlord. It also shows that the landlord could care less of what condition his building is in as long as the money is still coming in. Well, thats Ten Bucks moren Ill pay you / Till you fix this house up new. (Hughes 11/12)†¦show more content†¦Langston Hughes is a poet with whom to reckon, to experience, and here and there, with that apologetic feeling of presumption that should companion all criticism, to quarrel. (Cullen 1041) Countee Cullen admires Hughes for his emancipated spirit among a class of young writers whose particular battle-cry is freedom. Many people agree with Cullens views on Hughes because of such poems as I, Too and Dinner Guest: Me. In these poem we can however see th e attitude of the speaker change because of the huge gap between them. At one point Cullen says that to her, some of his works seem to give only one side of the story. They tend to hurl this poet into the gapping pit that lies before all Negro writers, in the confines of which they become racial artists instead of artists pure and simple. (Cullen 1041) Some may disagree with her opinion on this, but the rest of her thoughts on Langston Hughes seem to be universal. As proved through the above mentioned examples and essays, Langston Hughes often used the theme of racism in his works. Many people feel that this theme is expressed so strongly because of Hughes family background. For whatever reasons he uses this particular theme, it is one that is very obvious to all of us who appreciate his many works. Works Cited Barksdale, Richard K. On Censoring Ballad of the Landlord. Meyer 1038. Cullen, Countee. On Racial Poetry. Meyer 1041. Hughes, Langston Ballad of theShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes Poetry Analysis Essay1287 Words   |  6 PagesArt is the illusion in which we see the truth- Pablo Picasso Langston Hughes clearly connects with a wide range of audiences through the simplicity that surrounds his poetry. The beauty of this manner in which he wrote his poetry, is that it grasp people by illustrating his narratives of the common lifestyles experienced by the current American generation. His art form expresses certain questionable ideologies of life and exposes to the audience what it takes to fully comprehend what being anRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Movement By Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, And Ralph Waldo Ellison931 Words   |  4 Pagesthe form of visual arts, musical elements, and even performing arts during the 1920s. Due to this movement, Harlem became the city that â€Å"gave African Americans a physical cultural center.† [1] Renowned black artists such as Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, and Ralph Waldo Ellison were primary figures that became well-known for their many artistic and creative pieces during this popular time. Created by a class of English teachers in April of 2003, a Wikipedia page was made in dedication of theRead MoreGoophered Grapes Pre Ready 1 Essay example2710 Words   |  11 Pagesfair-skinned black person as revealed by Mary Zeigler in her article, History And Background Of The Charles W. Chesnutt Commemorative Stamp (Zeigler). But while Chesnutt’s book, â€Å"The Conjure Woman† does address problems such as â€Å"slavery, miscegenation, and racism† as also pointed out in Zeigler’s article, what has to be considered is the actual work that the text is doing, how the actual words are placed in the text, how the characters are portrayed, and what ideals are actually being enforced or discouraged

The Impact Of Economic Growth On The World And The...

Introduction It is claimed by (Reich, 2010), that economic growth leads to prosperity in the developed, emerging and developing world. The argument is focused on the negative effects of slow economic growth for the world and the environment. This essay provides a selection of theories with unique perspectives regarding the different impacts of economic growth on countries around the world. It will also explore the different methods/theories discussed by academics for best achieving economic growth. Aiming to provide a critical insight to the issues involved in economic growth, this essay will focus firstly on what economic growth means, then going on to consider different theories of achieving economic growth. The way different countries with differing development levels improve economic growth will also be observed. Arguably the most fundamental questions in economics revolve around why some countries have an abundance of wealth while others struggle for the basic necessities. According to data found on the World Bank website, GDP per capita for the US is approximately 28 times that of Bangladesh. This critical essay aims to demonstrate an understanding of why this occurs, using relevant theory and proven case studies as evidence. (Radhakrishnan, 2012) discusses how this translates into a vast difference of the standard of living between the populations of those 2 countries. Its very clear that the reasoning behind such differences should be addressed. Section 1 ThisShow MoreRelatedEconomic Growth and the Environment1594 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic Growth and Environment Introduction Economic growth and the use of environmental resources go hand in hand. No country or economy will be able to sustain economic growth without using the natural resources available in the environment. The constant need for resources is the fuel for economic growth and any country going through a heightened level of economic activity tends to use more resources from the environment. Relationship between economic growth and environment The relationshipRead MoreEconomic Growth Of China And Its Effect On The Environment1621 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: Economic growth in china and its effect on the environment in china. Abstract: Economic development is very critical for better future of any country and its residence but for one to gain something thing they must lose something. This has been the case with china’s economy and the environment. China’s growing manufacturing sector and increase in consumption has taken the country’s economy to new heights. Today china is one of the largest economic powerhouse in world, but at what cost. China’sRead MoreThe Rise Of The Standard Of Living1738 Words   |  7 PagesThe various nations worldwide are involved in the constant quest to improve their economic growth that in turn would pave a way for the increase in the standard of living. This is especially true for under-developed and developing economies that have immense growth potential and need to exploit their available resources through prudent policy measures and structural reforms to improve the standard of living of the people. However, this increase in the standard of li ving leads to increased consumptionRead MoreThe Global Economy Essay808 Words   |  4 Pagesglobal economy and global environment are bound up with one another. Environmental change is a consequence of economic development. Environmental change and its consequent health impacts are driven by economic growth, population growth and urbanization. It has been shown that it is possible to manage economic growth in ways that preserve environmental quality and enhance human health. Achieving the benefits of economic development while minimizing its harmful impacts will require an increasedRead MoreMarketing Micro and Macro Environmental Factors1669 Words   |  7 PagesMacro and micro environments both fall into the categories of environmental scanning. The general scope of environmental scanning is that it is a component of global environmental analysis. While analyses are typically carried out on the macro environment, the micro environment still has an important role to play. In summary, the macro environment is involved with the industries, companies, markets, clients and competitors, while the micro environment can be represented by the suppliers, competitorsRead MoreThe Impact of Globalisation on Japan1638 Words   |  7 Pagesprofound impact on the Japanese economy influencing levels of international trade, business operations, financial flows, government policy, labour markets and even environment. This movement has been driven primarily by numerous TNCs, trade liberalization, and the deregulation of the financial system, and numerous strategies adopted by the Government and Economy, resulting in the creation of a new Japan. ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT The Japanese economy, the 2nd largest in the world, accountsRead MoreImpact of Globalization on Indian Economy1572 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization is the new notion that has come to rule the world since the nineties of the last century with the end of the cold war. The frontlines of the state with increased reliance on the market economy and renewed belief in the private capital and assets, a process of structural alteration encouraged by the studies and influences of the World Bank and other International organisations have started in many of countries. Also Globalisation has brought in new avenues to developing countries. GreaterRead More economic Essay1701 Words   |  7 Pages Globalisation - Economic Growth and Development and development indicators. â€Å"Outline the differences between economic growth and economic development. Discuss how economic development may be measured. Outline how globalisation may impact upon a nation’s development. Where appropriate make reference to a relevant case study.† Although economic growth and development are similar in meaning, they have some essential differences. Economic growth refers to the increasing ability of a nation toRead MoreThe Development Of The World Population1528 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the course of the long history, the development of the world population directly depends on the mode of social production, especially the level of development of productive forces. In the history, mankind got the tremendous progress in productivity often with the population rapid develop. In the primitive society, the primitive society s population birth rate and the mortality rate all maintained at about 50% because of the objective law and the social production mode. The number of the populationRead MoreGreen Growth : A New Concept Of Growth1171 Words   |  5 Pagesthe increase of economic, such as the rapid increase in GDP. However, it is clear that the natural resources are limited on Earth, high rate of consuming resources will lead to lacking in the future to sustain society. So, it is important for the world moving into a new stage of economic growth-Green Growth This report is organized as follows: It first provides a conceptual idea of what is green growth as well as its characteristic. 1.1 Definition of Green Growth Green growth, also known as green

The Forms and Functions of Tort Law

Questions: 1. Assume that you are a legal adviser and Tom has described the events leading to the damage to his property, would you advise him to take a civil or criminal action against James? Explain why you have chosen this type of action.2. What cause of action would you advise Tom to take against James? State the name of the case that this cause of action originated from and provide its reference.3. List the elements of the cause of action that Tom would need to prove in order to succeed. Apply the elements of this cause of action to the facts.4. What is the likely outcome for Tom of a successful action against James? Answers: 1. In the given circumstances, Tom can take civil legal actions against his neighbor James on the ground of Tort of Negligence. Under the English common law and the Australian legal regulations, negligence is an act of failure to exercise reasonable care under given circumstances. The Tort law can be applied in cases where the acts of carelessness by the individual have caused monetary of physical damage to the claimant. Tom in this context can file a suit against the defendant James on the grounds of Intentional damage to economic interests, which is a part of the Tort Law of Australia (Goldberg, Sebok Zipursky, 2012). 2. On providing sufficient proves of the above three elements, Tom can claim both civil claims as well as criminal claims. Under the Tort of negligence Tom can claim for penalty and compensation for the damages caused to his car. Under the criminal claims however the defendant may also secure a prison sentence as a penalty. However since Tom has no suffered from any actual physical harm as per the Common Tort Law, hence he can only claim for civil actions against the defendant (Bermingham Brennan, 2012). The case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 illustrates the law of negligence. The case focused on the negligence of duty on the part of a caf owner bought in by the claimant Mrs. Donoghue. The claimant found a part of a snail immersed within the beer that she had ordered in a caf. She filed a suit against the caf owner claiming breach of duty of care. This case gave rise to the modern law of negligence stating that every individual should love their neighbor and must not injure the neighbor intentionally or unintentionally. 3.The major elements that Tom needs to prove in order to avail the tort of negligence are namely Duty of care, breach of duty and damages. In the context of the case the elements are found as follows: Duty: The defendant (James) owed a duty of care regarding the possibility of the accident to the claimant (Tom). Breach of Duty: James has broken the duty of care intentionally. In this case, the claimant can also file a suit against him on the grounds of Intentional tort. Damages: The plaintiff must show the prove of the damage which has been caused by the breach of the duty of care. The damage caused i.e. the damage to the expensive car of tom, by the intentional negligence of the defendant (Stewart Stuhmcke, 2012). 4. Keeping the case details in mind, it can be suggested that Tom will be successful in his claims against James because he can successfully prove all the three essential elements of the Tort of negligence. Thus, Tom can take civil actions against James and claim for monetary compensation from James. Moreover judging the magnitude of the risk that could have been caused by the hanging branches of the tree, Tom can also file for a criminal action against James for intentional negligence of the facts. (Abraham, 2012) Reference list Abraham, K. (2012).The forms and functions of tort law. New York, N.Y.: Foundation Press Thomson/West. Bermingham, V., Brennan, C. (2012).Tort law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Goldberg, J., Sebok, A., Zipursky, B. (2012).Tort law. New York: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Stewart, P., Stuhmcke, A. (2012).Australian principles of tort law. Annandale, NSW: The Federation Press.

Protecting The Ice Crystal Essays - Chinese Cuisine, Desserts

Protecting The Ice Crystal One day, at winter break, I and my friends, Jiling, Victor, Nathaniel, Sean, Jason, Brad, and Tim with their parents went hiking with me at the icy mounts. It was cold and frosty. Our mission was to train in the mountain and learn the power of the ice. All of us have the power of the fire because my last mission on the fire ages (even the parent because my friends taught their parents). It wasnt time so we went sledding a bit. Then, we went up the mountains. In The Mountains We went in the mountain and saw people await us. They were the ice people. They made a stadium for us to practice that was volcano and magma and on the other side, it was ice. We vs. ice and they picked with balls like lottery and I was no. 6. He called, 6 and 3! I guess it was me and the others team captain. 1, 2, 3, Go! I took of first and shot his ice bullet. Then, we both let out a powerful beam! Then, a portal was on the ground. Little elemental demons came out and they combined. They were powerful and since they combine, you know what happened They wanted the ice crystal and they will fight with all their power. I went to take care of the crystal. The Crystal I saw the crystal and it looked like this: It was shining and the whole thing was blue. On the bottom of it, there was water that was as blue as the sea. I was admiring it so much that I forgot about the giant demon. I then heard a loud BANG! It was the elemental demon! I knew it was a battle with me and him. Time For A Awesome Battle! I used my best attack but it didn't work. A thought popped in my mind. It said," ICE CREAM SODA!!!" Then a ICE cream came out. I tried to bite it and a second later, I was eating ICE cream! I was so surprised that I accidentally threw it on the demon's mouth. He froze when he bit into it. First he cracked the ice. I was scared at first. Then he fell down. Bam! Then he disappeared into thin air! I learned 2 really important lessons. It's that when things look bad, there is always a way out and things don't look as strong as they look!

bushido essays

bushido essays Is it possible to live by the old ideals of the samurai in the information age? In this day and age, many people have no idea how the ancient people lived. In many countries, such as the South Americas, human and animal sacrifice was commonplace. Although it was considered a great honour to the people chosen for sacrifice, it seems barbaric today. Then there were the North Americas, home to the American Indians, these people were closer to nature than most other people at the time. They disliked violence and only used it when necessary. In Europe, things were organised supremely, the monarchy and knighthood saw to that. Australasia was made up of many tribes on many different islands, many we still know hardly anything about. In Africa, things were similar tho the life of the American Indians, close to nature and a dislike of violence. Finally, we reach Asia, in the mainland, wars were common between the states of China and the surrounding modern day countries. In Japan, things were also like this, but the Japanese had the Samurai, a class similar to the Europ ean knighthood, and one I find interesting to this day... A traditional Katana, this particular one is named 'Daisho' Samurai fllowed the Bushido Code, which is similar to the European Chivalry. You may have noticed that I compare the Samurai to the Knightood often. This is because they were very similar, however not without differences. A Samurai would try to be as helpful as possible. He would show no fear in the face of any foe. He would never hurt or kill anyone or anything without reason. He would train in the ways of the sword every day. He would be loyal to his master above all else. This shows that peace, above all else, is the way forward. So here I am, trying my best to live a peaceful life in this world of violence and betrayel. I do my best to stay as peaceful as possible but is it really po ...

Getting Traction for Your Books †by Justin Mares

Getting Traction for Your Books - by Justin Mares Getting "Traction" for Your Books - Interviewing Justin Mares â€Å"Most startups don't fail at building a product. Most startups fail at getting traction.† - Traction BookThe same can be said of books. Most authors don’t fail at writing a book, they fail at finding their readers and selling the book to them. This is why we’ve always stressed how authors and startups are similar, and how, when it comes to marketing, authors can learn al lot from startups.So today, we decided to bring some of the best startup marketing advice to the Reedsy blog: Justin Mares is the co-author of the Traction book, a bestseller and true reference work for early-stage startups planning their marketing strategy. As usual, the transcript of the most important points of the interview is provided below Hi Justin, it’s really amazing to have you on our Reedsy podcast. You’re the co-author of the Traction Book, which I think is one of the very best marketing books for startups. For our listeners who don’t know about it yet, could you quickly give us the pitch?Sure! So Traction is a book that is there to help startups with the hard part of â€Å"what do you do once you have a product?† The book approaches how to go about setting up a growth process, how to figure out what channels are good for your business, and then has a chapter on each one of the 19 â€Å"channels† that we have identified as ways for a business to acquire customers.And you’re now releasing the second edition. What’s interesting is that you self-published the first one, and then got picked up by Penguin, how’s the experience been?Interesting†¦ Yes, it’s been interesting. Like anything, there are positives and negatives. On the positive side, the sec ond edition is in bookstores, it has been professionally edited, it is a lot crisper, we did a bunch more iterations and stuff like that, so it’s a really good book.On the negative side, things move a lot more slowly, and you lose some of the creative control that you have when you’re self-publishing a book.So on balance, I think it was the right decision, we’re really happy with Portfolio (Penguin), it’s been a great experience working with them, but there certainly are some positives and negatives.That’s really interesting, and I can definitely understand why, coming from a startup and tech background, you would find traditional publishing slow. Now, on another note, I like to think that authors are a little bit like startups, and that they should approach marketing in the same way we do. Would you agree with that?Definitely. And that’s something we mention in our book: if you approach things in a systematic way - that we talk about in our book- you are far more likely to have things work out. And we found that applying that process we describe in the book to our own marketing of the book had the same impact and allowed us to do really well.And that’s why I usually recommend authors to read the Traction book and use the approach you describe. Now, just quickly for our readers, could you sum up that approach?Sure! So what we talk about is basically: look at the potential channels (ways) you could market the book, and then figure out, if you want to sell, say, 5000 copies, which of these channels is going to allow you to sell that number of copies. [Read more about the â€Å"bullseye† approach here] Look at the potential ways you could market your book and test the ones that make most sense. So in our case we looked and we said: â€Å"ok, we think email marketing is going to work well, we think doing blog guest posts is going to work well, and we think podcasts will work well†. Once we figure that out, we ran small tests on each of these three channels. We measured them and saw that podcasts and email marketing far outperformed guest posting.So then we thought: great, let’s get on every potential podcast we can, get on every potential newsletter that has a relevant email list, and let’s just focus on those instead of doing all three of them in the hope that one will work (which is what a lot of people sadly do when it comes to marketing).This makes sense. And it’s interesting because, as you say, a lot of authors try to do everything at one time (social media, newsletter, advertising, blog tours, etc.) and when you do that, you lose focus and waste time and resources.Exactly. I mean, there are so many things you can do as an author, as a marke ter or as a business person to market your stuff. The possibilities are effectively limitless, so what you have to do is figure out what the best use of your time is, and spend as much time doing that as possible. That’s what our approach effectively tries to help people with: if you’re trying to sell your book, or grow your company, focus only on the things that really matter, and ignore everything else. That makes sense. The one thing that makes it a bit trickier for authors, is that often they sell their books through platforms like Amazon, iBooks or Kobo, which they don’t control. So how do you do the tracking in a case like this, how can you know which â€Å"channels† are bringing you which sales?Great question. This is something that is certainly a challenge, it’s not easy. But we found a couple of things you can do. For one, we could look at our rough sales rank and see, if we launch a certain campaign today, see what our sales rank does.The other thing you can do is set up Amazon affiliate links so that if someone promotes your book, you can give them a unique affiliate link that allows you then to see how many people clicked on the link and how many made a purchase as a result of it.That way we were able to track the number of people who bought through email promotions, through guest posts, through podcasts, etc.Yes, we’d heard the affiliate link t actic before (from Mark Dawson), so I’m glad you mentioned it. Now, you had this non-fiction book that you marketed very well. If you had to put yourself in the shoes of a fiction author, which channels would you test first?Hmm, it’s a hard one. I think basic marketing principles can apply here, and you’ve got to ask yourself the right questions.First, who are the people who are most likely to enjoy or resonate with your book, and where are they hanging out? Then, how are these people finding out about new fiction books today? What are the bestselling indie authors in your genre and how did they do their early-stage marketing?I would look at all these things and see what you can replicate and what you can’t.I think that one thing that is really powerful in driving book discoverability today is still word-of-mouth. Would you agree with that?Oh definitely, I’ve got 150 books on my reading list that have been recommended to me†¦So as an author, w hat can you do to help encourage or kickstart word-of-mouth?The biggest one is to write literally the best book that you could ever think of writing. One reason why I think Traction has done really well is that if you are someone who is working on a startup, I can legitimately recommend that book to you - even if I wasn’t one of the authors.I had coffee with someone four hours ago and he told me â€Å"oh yeah, my friend is running growth at this one company and he said that Traction was a really good book, so he gave it to me and now I’m meeting with you†. And that only happens when you write a really good book that becomes one of the reference works in its category.I think that’s the #1 thing you can do for word-of-mouth. Otherwise, things that we’ve done is we’ve inserted little bonuses where after reading the book, you can go get bonus material on the website and once you’re signed up to our mailing list we have referral systems li ke â€Å"forward this to a friend and we’ll give you another bonus†. 'To drive word of mouth, just write the best book you could ever think of writing.' @jwmares Thanks for the insights, Justin! And again, I really recommend the Traction book to both startup people and authors because it offers a good approach and a good breakdown of all the channels you can use to sell your books.Follow Justin Mares and Reedsy on Twitter: @jwmares and @ReedsyHQWhat channels have worked for you in your book marketing activities? How do you track your efforts and measure your results? Leave us your thoughts, or any questions for Justin, in the comments below!

Please discuss the following question with philosophy ethics and Essay - 2

Please discuss the following question with philosophy ethics and knowledge - Essay Example The concept of maximum utility notion of utilitarianism involves lack of suffering, economic well-being and pleasure. In justice and fairness, for instance, utilitarianism accounts that the rights of an individual are less important than the good of many people. Therefore, the utilitarian theory is considerate on people’s demands. The state of the world, on the other hand, is what places greater demands on different people. Individual needs are what corrupt utilitarianism. The ill-will nature of individuals is what leads to suffering. If individual’s needs are highly prioritized, then happiness would be achieved, and utilitarianism would demand very little from the people. Peter Singer’s reply is quite convincing when it comes to the roles of utilitarianism in people’s lives. This is because utilitarianism does not distinguish what people do from what they allow to happen. An individual’s innate feelings, self-ago and view of others are what necessitates or results into suffering. If utilitarianism is too demanding as critiques put it, then everyone is morally obligated to suffering which is not the case with utilitarian

TEACHING ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION TO SPANISH SPEAKERS Research Paper

TEACHING ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION TO SPANISH SPEAKERS - Research Paper Example There is no doubt that English speaking requires good amount of understanding of consonants and vowels along with dedication and motivation. The research aims to examine what sorts of difficulties are experienced by Spanish speakers while speaking English and how pronunciation difficulties can be assessed and examined resulting in better pronunciation. Spanish language is a part of Indo-European Language family and is spoken by more than 400 million people across the world mainly in Spain, Latin America and the US. On the other hand, English is spoken in almost every country Ladefoged, 2000). However, when Spanish individuals especially students travel to other countries; they face pronunciation issues while speaking and communication in English. For this purpose, a systematic and logical approach of conducting a research will be taken that will help in investigating pronunciation problems of Spanish students along with identifying ways through which these problems can be assessed re sulting in better pronunciation and understanding of English Language. There is no doubt that incorrect pronunciation leads to little understanding of the meaning of sentences and thus creating confusion and doubts (Ladefoged, 2006). At the same time, conversing requires good understanding of English Language in order to facilitate personal and professional growth in English speaking nations. The next part of the discussion presents theoretical issues related to the research topic. Theoretical Issues Related to the Research Topic In order to investigate how English pronunciation can be taught to Spanish speakers, the researcher will focus on understanding of phonetics, production of speech sounds and difference between English and Spanish speakers by referring to a number of academic books, journals and articles. Jenkins (2002) stated that words are pronounced differently in different countries majorly because of the understanding of vowels and consonants. Coe (1988) stated that the re is a great similarity between English and Spanish language that makes learning motivational and easy. Coe (1988) further believed that both English and Spanish languages have originated from different culture and thus it is quite obvious to have pronunciation differences. Spanish language has only five vowels while English has fourteen vowels. The difference in vowels creates pronunciation issues as Spanish speakers often fail to differentiate between English Vowels. Compernolle (2001) stated that Spanish is syllable times language and English is stress timed language. Spanish speakers face difficulties in recognizing end consonants that create pronunciation issues. Moreover, the verb-grammar agreement is also dissimilar in two languages that often affect the correct pronunciation. Spanish speakers have logical association with the sound and spelling of words that lacks in English language. There are very limited double letters word in Spanish while in English, there are a number of double letter words. All these issues create confusion for Spanish speakers while speaking in English. Avexy, Ehrlich (1992) believed that the role of teeth, jaws, lips and tongue is of great importance considering the fact that correct use of lips, jaws and tongue helps in correct pronunciation of words. For this purpose, it is important to understand the role of phonetics in pronunciation of

Biological Explanation of Anorexia Essay Example for Free

Biological Explanation of Anorexia Essay The biological explanation for Anorexia Nervosa focuses on the role of neurotransmitters. It suggests disturbances in the levels of serotonin and dopamines are characteristic of anorexia. Bailer et al compared serotonin activity in women recovering from restricting anorexia with those recovering from purging type anorexia with a healthy control group. They found that the group recovering from purging type anorexia had higher serotonin activity. They also found the highest levels of serotonin in women who showed the most anxiety. They concluded that this suggests that the disruption of serotonin levels might result in increased anxiety which is one of the clinical characteristics of anorexia. However it can be argued that anxiety might be caused by anorexia rather than causing anorexia. Despite the evidence, a problem with the serotonin explanation for anorexia is that SSRIs have been found to be ineffective in treating anorexic patients. However, Kaye et al found SSRIS were effective with those recovering from anorexia because they prevented relapse. The explanation for this is that SSRIs only work once weight returns to normal because the malnutrition resulting from anorexia changed serotonin function. Kaye et al have looked at the role of another neurotransmitter in anorexia. They used a PET scan to compare a control group of healthy women with a group of recovering female anorexics. They found an over activity of dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia of women recovering from anorexia. They concluded that increased dopamine levels in the basal ganglia alters the way people interpret rewards and that anorexics might find it difficult to associate good feelings with food. Further support comes from a study by Wang et al who found that obese individuals had low levels of dopamine. This contrasts with the high levels found in anorexics suggesting dopamine is inversely related to body weight. However it is unclear whether levels of dopamine cause anorexia or the altered levels are a consequence of anorexia. Other theories propose that AN is a result of brain damage at or shortly after birth. Swedish research, for example, has shown that significantly more anorectics than would be expected have experienced some kind of birth trauma. British research using scanning devices has shown that there is reduced blood flow in the anterior temporal lobes of anorectics as compared with non-anorectics. The biological explanation suffers from culture bias and gender bias. Research has mainly been carried out in Western clinical samples and therefore cannot be generalised to all cultures which makes it difficult to explain why anorexia occurs in non-Western cultures. Research also tends to mostly use female participants therefore resulting in gender bias and as a result, it is difficult to explain why men might become anorexic which may also prevent them from being given the appropriate treatment. A criticism of the biological explanation is that it focuses entirely on nature which ignores nurture factors. This might hinder recovery if treatment of anorexia is only based on biological factors and ignores the social and environmental factors. Also, the biological approach is deterministic as it suggests that individuals with anorexia do not have any control over their condition because it is caused by changed in serotonin levels which are not directly controlled by them. This ignores the role of free will and choice.

A Genetic Study of Conjoined Twins :: Free Essay Writer

1.0 Introduction I have always been fascinated by conjoined twins and have always had questions about them like; what do the Siamese have to do with conjoined twins? Why does this form of twin happen? What, if any genes cause this? What types of Conjoined twins are there? How does the environment affect, if at all, the biological families' gene pool? In my research in efforts to prepare this paper, I found the answers to this question and many more. This term paper will cover the types of conjoined twins, the biological occurrence that causes conjoined twins, a look into some of the genetic and environmental causes of conjoined twins, the types of conjoined twins and the genetic and social impact of conjoined twins. 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Siamese - or - Conjoined Twins Let's answer the first question right off the bat. The terms Siamese Twins and Conjoined Twins are synonymous, 1 The term Siamese twins comes from the most famous of conjoined male twins, Chang and Eng Bunker, born in Siam of Chinese parents in 1811. The Bunker Twins were exhibited in Barnum's circus for many years. While they were never separated, they each married and were successful businessman and ranchers in Wilkes County, North Carolina. Chang and Eng were attached by a five-inch connecting ligament near their breastbones. Although the Bunker Twins were connected each of them and their wives, sisters Sallie and Adelaide Yates, lived fairly private lives when they weren't touring the world to earn income. The twins died within 2 hours of each other in 1874. After their deaths it was determined they could have been successfully separated, a medical option that was never offered to Eng and Chang during their lives. It was Eng and Chang's fame that helped coin the phrase 'Siamese Twins'. It should be noted that they were not the first pair of conjoined twins recorded in medical annals. There were approximately one hundred pairs of conjoined twins known by the time of their 1811 births. This fact supported the King of Siam's decision to reverse an early death sentence on the brothers. Fact of the matter is, conjoined twins were recorded as early as 945 in Armenia with the first pair of successfully separated twins occurring in 1689 by German physician G. Kà ¶nig. The term Siamese was later replaced with the more scientifically and sensitively correct and precise term conjoined. 1.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What Process Happens or Doesn't Happen that Causes Conjoined Twins?

Write an Essay About the Dangers of Following Tradition Blindly

NAME : MURAT MUHITTIN SURNAME: OKYAY SOCIAL ROLE OF AMERICAN WOMEN IN NINETEENTH CENTURY American women in the nineteenth century lived in an age characterized by gender inequality. At the beginning of the century, women enjoyed few of the legal, social, or political rights that are now taken for granted in western countries: they could not vote, could not sue or be sued, could not testify in court, had extremely limited control over personal property after marriage, were rarely granted legal custody of their children in cases of divorce, and were barred from institutions of higher education.Women were expected to remain subservient to their fathers and husbands. Their occupational choices were also extremely limited. Middle- and upper-class women generally remained home, caring for their children and running the household. Lower-class women often did work outside the home, but usually as poorly-paid domestic servants or laborers in factories and mills. The onset of industrialization , urbanization, as well as the growth of the market economy, the middle class, and life expectancies transformed European and American societies and family life.For most of the eighteenth century through the first few decades of the nineteenth century, families worked together, dividing farming duties or work in small-scale family-owned businesses to support themselves. With the rapid mercantile growth, big business, and migration to larger cities after 1830, however, the family home as the center of economic production was gradually replaced with workers who earned their living outside the home.In most instances, men were the primary â€Å"breadwinners† and women were expected to stay at home to raise children, to clean, to cook, and to provide a haven for returning husbands. Most scholars agree that the Victorian Age was a time of escalating gender polarization as women were expected to adhere to a rigidly defined sphere of domestic and moral duties, restrictions that women increasingly resisted in the last two-thirds of the century.Scholarly analysis of nineteenth-century women has included examination of gender roles and resistance on either side of the Atlantic, most often focusing on differences and similarities between the lives of women in the United States. While the majority of these studies have concentrated on how white, middle-class women reacted to their assigned domestic or private sphere in the nineteenth century, there has also been interest in the dynamics of gender roles and societal expectations in minority and lower-class communities.Although these studies can be complementary, they also highlight the difficulty of making generalizations about the lives of women from different cultural, racial, economic, and religious backgrounds in a century of steady change. The same societal transformations that were largely responsible for women's status being defined in terms of domesticity and morality also worked to provoke gender consciousne ss and reform as the roles assigned women became increasingly at odds with social reality.Women on both sides of the Atlantic, including Angelina and Sarah Grimke, Sarah Josepha Hale, Charlotte Bronte, George Eliot, Elizabeth Gaskell, and Frances Power Cobbe, both expressed and influenced the age's expectations for women. Through their novels, letters, essays, articles, pamphlets, and speeches these and other nineteenth-century women portrayed the often conflicting expectations imposed on them by society. These women, along with others, expressed sentiments of countless women who were unable to speak, and brought attention and support to their concerns.Modern critical analyses often focus on the methods used by women to advance their cause while still maintaining their delicate balance of propriety and feminine appeal by not â€Å"threatening† men, or the family unit. About the story of â€Å"An Hour Story† and Mrs. Mallard life a little diffirent but in general. An in telligent, independent woman, Louise Mallard understands the â€Å"right† way for women to behave, but her internal thoughts and feelings are anything but correct. When her sister announces that Brently has died, Louise cries dramatically rather than feeling numb, as she knows many other women would.Her violent reaction immediately shows that she is an emotional, demonstrative woman. She knows that she should grieve for Brently and fear for her own future, but instead she feels elation at her newfound independence. Louise is not cruel and knows that she’ll cry over Brently’s dead body when the time comes. But when she is out of others’ sight, her private thoughts are of her own life and the opportunities that await her, which she feels have just brightened considerably.

Edgar Allan Poe Life Outline

Nick Arleo3/11/13 I. Introduction Edgar Allen Poe was a very dark writer of poems and short stories. His writings terrified many. His whole life and the unfortunante events that occured during it can tell a person why his writings were the way they were written. II. Body- Poe's early life, marriage, works, later years A. Early life in Boston,MA 1. Poe's family a. his father left his family early on in his life, and his mother passed away when he was 3 years of age. 2. Poe's foster family a.Poe lived with John and Frances Allan, a successful tobacco merchant and his wife in Richmond,Virginia. 3. Poe's marriage a. Poe married his 13 year old cousin Virgnia or ‘Sissy' as he called her when he was the age of 27. b. ‘Sissy' grew ill with tuberculosis and with no cure, she passed away in 1842. 4. Poe's Collegient years a. Poe started out studying at the University of Virginia. b. Poe later on transfered to the Naval acadamy at West Point and joined the military. B. Poe's works 1. Short stories: a. The Angel of the Odd† (1844) Comedy about being drunk b. â€Å"The Balloon Hoax† (1844) Newspaper story about balloon travel c. â€Å"Berenice† (1835) Horror story about teeth d. â€Å"The Black Cat† (1845) Horror story about a cat e. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† (1846) A story of revenge f. â€Å"A Descent Into The Maelstrom† (1845) Man vs. Nature, Adventure Story g. â€Å"Eleonora† (1850) A love story h. â€Å"The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar† (1845) Talking with a dead man i. â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† (1839) An old house and its secrets 2. Poems A DreamA Dream Within A Dream A Valentine Al Aaraaf Alone An Acrostic An Enigma Annabel Lee Bridal Ballad Dreamland Dreams Eldorado Elizabeth C. Poe's Later years a. After the death of his wife, Poe became very depressed. This depression inspired most of his pieces. b. Poe began an even bigger alcoholic after years of being a heavy drinker . c. Poe also began the search for a new wife in order to restore his happieness and cure his depression. d. Poes writings at the end of his life were his most depressing. e. Poe eventually died on October 7th 1849.

Lauen H Essay

Lauen H Essay Lauen H Essay Lauren Hendrix 4th Block AP World February 17, 2013 In first century CE Buddhism was brought to China, although there was an array of mixed feelings toward this newly culturalized religion- the number of converts inclined. During the first few centuries Buddhism flourished, cultivating and expanding into new territories. In the centuries to follow Buddhism took a turn for the worse when China experienced a patch of political instability, losing nearly 2/3 of their followers. The documents provided relate to each other because they give us a descriptive timeline that distinctively relates to the flourishment and decline of Buddhism in China during these times. Starting off with the earliest development- Document #1 is the Buddha’s first sermon over the Four Nobel Truths. This sermon signals the start of Buddhism as we know it, and the foundation upon which it is laid. The Four Noble Truths are the guidelines for Buddhist converts, the idea of freeing the mind and opening yourself up to opportunities overwhelms ones sensual mind. This Sermon did just that, in a way which gained more converts than ever. After the sermon the Buddha taught, more and more Buddhist arose- expanding their religion into China. The idea of a peaceful awe bearing religion over-took most of china. Converts nearly tripled in number due to this expansion. Hinted by Document #2, the high officials also agreed with the matter, preaching the word of Nirvana. (â€Å"He will behold the Buddha and be enlightened in his spirit, and then he will enter Nirvana.† Doc. 2) As the same in Document # 3, which states that not all true things have to come from an original source, sometimes to be credible you have to think out of the box and accept new peaceful states. During Chinas politically instable times, we see a major shift in attitude towards Buddhist ways. Buddhism promoted peace and disregarded violence. While China was ‘failing’ they needed all of the violence and war-like attitudes they could accommodate, clearly not gra ced by Buddhism. Document #4 is the perfect example of this newly found hatred towards Buddhism, Han Yu, a leading scholar at the Tang Imperial court wrote â€Å"..Buddhism is no more than a cult of the Barbarian peoples spread to China. It did not exist here in ancient times.† As documents 1-3 flowed together, this document is the first to take a turn for the worse. Instead of the Buddha being praised, he was now looked upon as a non-standardized man that did not live up to Chinese standards. Further down the line you see the same

The Past Perfect (Pluperfect) Definition and Examples

The Past Perfect (Pluperfect) Definition and Examples In grammar, the past perfect is an aspect of the verb that designates an action that has been completed before another past action. Formed with the auxiliary had and the past participle of a verb, its used to indicate a time further back in the past than the present perfect or the simple past tense. The tense is also known as the past perfective, the pluperfect, and the past-in-the-past. The Latin plus quam per fectum means more than perfect, and the French pronunciation of plus is close to ploo, which is where the term pluperfect came from. Past Perfect Examples From Literature Past perfect tense is everywhere, so just about any literature will have examples. Here are a few. Far worst of all, the fever  had settled  in Marys eyes, and Mary was blind.(Laura Ingalls Wilder, On the Banks of Plum Creek, 1937) On the Banks of Plum Creek is one of the books in the Little House on the Prairie series, which was turned into a long-running TV show. Walnut Grove, Minnesota, a town of fewer than 1,000 people, hosts throngs of people every summer at festivals related to the history and the books.   He camped that night on the broad Animas Plain and the wind blew in the grass and he slept on the ground wrapped in the serape  and in the wool blanket the old man  had given  him.(Cormac McCarthy, The Crossing, 1994) Coming-of-age novel The Crossing, set on the border of the Southwestern United States and Mexico during World War II, is noted for its spare dialogue and laconic characters. With his new, heightened feelings, he was overwhelmed by sadness at the way the others  had laughed  and  shouted, playing at war.(Lois Lowry, The Giver, 1993) The Giver, inspired by the memory loss of authors father, became a movie in 2014 starring  Meryl Streep and Jeff Bridges. One great source of pleasure to me was that my wife was delighted with the home I  had given  her amid the prairies of the far west.(William Frederick Buffalo Bill Cody, The Life of Hon. William F. Cody, 1889) Buffalo Bill Cody wrote his autobiography at age 33 and in it recounts his familys move to Kansas when he was a boy and his subsequent life on the frontier as a trapper, buffalo hunter, Army scout, and fighter. At fifteen life  had taught  me undeniably that surrender, in its place, was as honorable as resistance, especially if one had no choice.(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, 1969) In I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Maya Angelou depicts her tumultuous childhood spent between her mothers and grandmothers households, racism, her rape, and her journey to discover her identity and inner strength.  Ã‚   Functions of the Past Perfect With If Clauses As in other past tenses, the past perfect in a subordinate clause, called a  conditional clause,  may signify hypothesis, or something contrary to fact. A past perfect  modal, usually  would or could have, appears in the  main clause. In Sylvia Chalker and Edmund Weiners Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, the authors give these examples: If you had told me before now, I could have helped. [But I didnt help.]If you had been coming tomorrow, you would have met my mother. [But you didnt meet my mother.] In Sidney Greenbaum and Gerald Nelsons An Introduction to English Grammar, the authors give these examples: If we had been there yesterday, we would have seen them. (But we were not there yesterday.)If he had been given a good mark, he would have told me. (But it seems that he was not given a good mark.) Using the Tense to Show Completion You may also use the past perfect to show completion. For example, She stood outside until he had gone.

Interoperability Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interoperability - Assignment Example Probably several nurses would lose their jobs because since one machine can do work for ten individuals. Therefore, it undervalues a national and international problem of unemployment by making nursing a course for machines. In addition, extra training of EMR technology would be necessary for this event. Provision of legal record for care is one of the matters that the scenario fails to elaborate clearly, since the scenario has proven to focus more on a nurse having a programmed device. However, it is reasonable to mention some shreds of legal record for care when certain mistakes such as losing or misplacing a patient’s file and failing to assure the safety and welfare of patients in a health center. Decision-making that is quick and accurate is one of the most important things in heath care in order to save a life during an emergency. The scenario presents a health environment with efficient and reliable information system. It also discusses a device that ensures receiving of calls from the nurse and allowing communication between internal and external parties – doctors, nurses, patients, and family members is complete. It is evident that the type of information is priceless and cases of neglect and death have been reported because doctors fail to make prompt decision-making. However, with interoperability in place, these statistics are bound to drop. It feels good to find out that the scenario achieves to please and get the support of many people. However, it has intentionally focused on the positive side of interoperability and automated health care record and done away with its shortcomings. The most noticeable one is that this scenario has failed to discuss financial obligations required in a health center. A correct speculation is that the procedure would cost a lot. The scenario highlights about activities in a hospital of discharging a patient and a well-structured transport team, which ensures that a patient is handed to their family. One